What is conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis happens when the membrane that covers the front of the eye and inner surfaces of the eyelid (called the conjunctiva) becomes infected or inflamed. This can cause symptoms of burning, itchiness, redness, and in some cases, blurred vision.
Symptoms
Conjunctivitis can affect people of all ages, but is most commonly presented in children.
The symptoms of conjunctivitis may include:
Pink, bloodshot, or swollen eyes
Itchiness and swelling
A sandy, gritty feeling in the eye
A burning or itchy sensation in the eye
Sticky or dried discharge around the eyelashes
Blurred vision
Light sensitivity
Contact your optometrist immediately if you are experiencing any eye pain, sensitivity to light, impaired vision, or extremely red eyes. This may be a sign of a more serious eye infection that you should have examined.
Common causes
Conjunctivitis can be caused by a variety of things, which then affects the type of symptoms you experience and the recommended treatment.
Conjunctivitis causes include:
Infectious
Viral infection (such as a cold infection)
Bacterial infection (like staphylococci and streptococci)
Non‑infectious
Allergic reaction (such as pollen)
Local irritation (for example, shampoo, chlorine water, or a foreign body)
Treatment
The treatment for conjunctivitis will depend on the cause and severity of symptoms.
In many cases, the symptoms resolve on their own and don't require any treatment, but sometimes it might need to be treated with things like antibiotic eye drops or antihistamines. If you experience any symptoms of conjunctivitis, you should visit your optometrist as soon as you can so they can see what’s going on and how to help.
Conjunctivitis caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria and/or viruses, requires good hand hygiene to avoid spreading the germs. You should also avoid rubbing or touching your eyes and use personal towels and bedding, like pillowcases, while the infection lasts.
It’s important to follow your optometrist’s recommendations to make sure the chance of the infection spreading is limited. You should also take a break from wearing your contact lenses and make‑up while your eyes are irritated and to avoid contaminating your make‑up products.
Next steps
We want to help you see clearly and keep your eyes healthy for as long as possible. If your optometrist detects any signs of an eye condition during your comprehensive eye exam, they will determine an appropriate management plan that suits your needs.
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Conjunctivitis can last anywhere between a few days to a couple of weeks. In more severe cases, it can last a bit longer. It’s best to see your optometrist when you have the early signs of conjunctivitis as they will be able to advise on potential treatment as well as recovery time.
Depending on the cause, conjunctivitis can be contagious and can spread through coughing, sneezing, and touching surfaces like pillowcases, towels, and tissues. So it’s important that you make sure to properly cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, regularly wash your hands, and avoid sharing towels or bedding while you have the infection in order to limit the spread.
Conjunctivitis usually stays contagious for as long as you have symptoms, especially if you have any kind of eye discharge.
It’s a good idea to avoid swimming while you have conjunctivitis. This is because the bacterial and viral types of conjunctivitis are very contagious, and it's still possible to spread the infection to others using the swimming pool, even if the water is chlorinated and you’re wearing goggles. Pink eye can spread during activities in the water, as well as through sharing things like towels, sunscreen and goggles.
In some instances, swimming can also worsen the case of conjunctivitis. For example, chlorine is a chemical irritant that can increase the discomfort caused by conjunctivitis. It also washes away the tear film that protects your eyes and keeps them moist and protected from further infection.
Outdoor swimming while you have conjunctivitis can be just as harmful to your eyes. Although the salt in outdoor saltwater pools is not as harsh an irritant as chlorine, it can still cause eye redness and other general eye discomfort. Fresh water swimming can also increase your exposure to bacteria and other infectious agents, so it’s best to avoid that if you’re already being treated for conjunctivitis.
Noticed a change in your eyesight?
If you have any concerns about your eye health, contact or visit your local optometrist immediately – even if you do not have an appointment.
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