Diabetes

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that leads to blood vessel damage at the back of the eye (the retina).

How does diabetes affect vision?

Diabetes is one of the most common causes of vision problems, especially in the western world. High blood sugar levels can cause damage to the blood vessels in the eye, resulting in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy can cause significant impairment or loss of vision if left undiagnosed and untreated.

Symptoms

People with diabetic retinopathy don’t typically have noticeable symptoms until the moderate to advanced stages. A comprehensive eye exam can detect diabetic retinopathy in its early stages, before you notice any visual symptoms. It’s important for people with diabetes to have regular eye exams as early detection and treatment can help prevent, delay, or reduce vision loss associated with diabetic retinopathy.

Common causes

The likelihood of a diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy increases with the duration of having diabetes and when blood sugar levels are not under control.

Treatment

Lifestyle factors like taking your prescribed medication, exercising regularly, keeping your blood pressure under control, and following a proper diet as advised by your practitioner(s), will help to prevent or slow down the development of diabetic retinopathy. 

Depending on the extent of the condition, your optometrist may refer you to an ophthalmologist for treatment or surgical procedures in the more advanced cases.

Next steps

We want to help you see clearly and keep your eyes healthy for as long as possible. If your optometrist detects any signs of an eye condition during your comprehensive eye exam, they will determine an appropriate management plan that suits your needs.

Book an eye exam

Get answers to your questions

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Reviewed by Dr. Nieka Sabeti

Dr. Nieka Sabeti is a Doctor of Optometry in Canada and provides patient care at the Specsavers Kitsilano location. Dr. Sabeti is a member of the Canadian Association of Optometrists and BC Doctors of Optometry, and serves on multiple committees of the College of Optometrists of BC. Dr. Sabeti brings passion to her work, driving her motivation to uphold clinical excellence and promote best practices.

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  1. Wong, T. (2012) Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy. Available at: https://www.diabetesjournals.org